![]() ![]() Unfortunately this is an alien substance never before seen in nature that microbes don’t know how to break down into water and carbon dioxide. Many other kinds of polymers can be made as well, and mixed with additives such as dyes, chemicals, antioxidants, foaming agents, plasticizers, and flame retardants for food storage, cosmetics, medicine, technology, and health care products. ![]() Especially polyethylene and polypropylene, the most common polymers on earth because they can make plastics ranging from pliable to tough (Bryce 2021). They will need to be further broken down into smaller fragments with high heat and pressure, and then formed into long repeating chains called polymers. The segment made into plastic and other petrochemicals is Naptha, which contains ethane and propene. They’re fed into a distillation tube where the heavier oil sinks to the bottom while the shorter, lighter chains of hydrocarbon float to the top. And unfortunately, single use plastic bottles.Ĭrude oil flows like molasses and needs to be heated to separate the hydrocarbons into different products based on their number of atoms and therefore molecular weight. How do I love thee crude oil? Let me count the ways: Plastic, asphalt, glue, aspirin, insecticides, antiseptics, bandages, purses, boats, cameras, shampoo, candles, cell phones, curtains, luggage, dashboards, fertilizers, ink, pharmaceuticals, refrigerants, shower curtains, surf boards, synthetic rubber, tents, toothpaste, Legos and my umbrella. Natural gas and coal are used to make ammonia and methanol, but difficult to turn into other products because they require multiple energy-intensive steps (IEA 2018, KAUST 2020). Of all the fossil fuels we use in a year, about seven percent – 500 million metric tons of oil equivalent, the weight of all the people on earth – is used as both feedstock and energy to make these one billion tons of products (IEA 2018). We consume about ONE BILLION TONS of products a year. Women in ecology Podcasts: WGBH, Crazy Town, Collapse Chronicles, Derrick Jensen, Practical Prepping, Kunstler 253 & 278, Peak Prosperity, Index of best energyskeptic posts My book “Life After Fossil Fuels” discusses plastic in more depth - how much biomass is needed, how to replace asphalt and lubricants, and recycling.Īlice Friedemann Author of Life After Fossil Fuels: A Reality Check on Alternative Energy When Trucks Stop Running: Energy and the Future of Transportation ”, Barriers to Making Algal Biofuels, & “ Crunch! Whole Grain Artisan Chips and Crackers ”. What follows is a description of how plastic is made. He’d have had to refine crude oil to make propylene, which takes at least six chemical transformations to make into the simplest plastic, polyethylene.Ĭrude oil is the feedstock for half a million products. After a great deal of struggle, he was able to make the metal pieces, which mankind has made since the Iron Age. ![]() Even the simplest toaster had 404 parts of plastic, steel, mica, copper, and nickel. Thwaites (2011) showed how hard replicating a complex process that we take for granted would be by performing a simple exercise: He tried to make an ordinary toaster from scratch. It is quite likely that after fossils are gone, plastics will no longer be made, since they are incredibly complex – PhDs in numerous fields make them possible – and most kinds have been around for only 50 years or less. Try all our supercharged Takis' family of snacks and experience for yourself how our snacks give your senses a first-class ticket out of this world-changing the way you feast on flavor forever.Preface. Share a snack with your squad and transform a low-key hangout into a delicious celebration or turn the vibes up to ten on your next road trip when you bring Takis Kettlez Habanero Fury Potato Chips. ![]() Our savory and hot Habanero Fury artificially flavored potato chips make quick work of not only extinguishing your own hunger, but they’re also a great food for sharing with friends and family. Pack a bag to give yourself a tasty pick-me-up at school, be ready to conquer hunger while spending the day hanging with your friends, or grab a handful for when you just need a boost of flavor while hunting for new adventures. Which is why we set out to pioneer irresistible snacks that unleash tantalizing waves of flavor and deliver an unbeatable crunch in every single bite. We know hunger can strike at a moment's notice, creating an unforecasted storm of emotion that distracts you from living in the moment. Mix-up how you snack with Takis Kettlez Habanero Fury Potato Chips and give your taste buds the gift of launching into an unexplored universe of sensational flavor combinations. ![]()
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